肝内胆管癌转化治疗

肝内胆管癌（ICC）可切除率低，进展期ICC的治疗有效率不高，预后很差。转化治疗在多种晚期肿瘤中有一定的疗效，是目前晚期肿瘤治疗的研究热点。随着对ICC基因组的深入了解和新的治疗药物的开发及组合，基于系统化疗的联合治疗策略，精准靶向治疗，免疫检查点抑制剂等显示出较好的疗效，使得部分进展期ICC病人能降期转化手术，获得长期生存。     

电离辐射致肠道急性损伤的中医病机探讨

电离辐射所致的肠道急性损伤在临床普遍存在,轻者出现纳差、食欲不振、消化不良;重者出现持续的腹痛腹泻,常伴黏液、脓血,肛门坠痛、里急后重,甚至出现梗阻、糜烂、溃疡、穿孔等症。结合电离辐射的中医病因学特点,电离辐射致肠道急性损伤的中医基本病机为:邪盛伤正,气血乏源,虚实夹杂;升降失常,泌别失职,传导失司;“热”“湿”“毒”“瘀”蕴结,损伤血络;屏障缺失,易于恶化。据证立法,方从法出,有的放矢,这不仅为电离辐射导致的肠道急性损伤寻找有效的中医药防治措施提供了理论依据,也进一步拓展了中医药理论的应用范围,因此具有重要的临床价值和实践意义。     

Profiles of immune cell infiltration and their clinical significance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

It is well established that there exist comprehensive interactions between tumor immunology and tumor biology. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) have been appealing therapeutic targets due to their significance in regulating cancer progression. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the comprehensive landscape of TIICs composition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and their clinical significance. CIBERSORT was applied to calculate the 22 immune cell types proportion in HNSCC and further analysis suggested that six kinds of immune cells (resting memory CD4 T cells, M1 macrophages, resting dendritic cells, resting mast cells, monocytes, and eosinophils) were closely correlated with HNSCC progression. Moreover, memory CD4 T cells may serve as prognosis indicator for HNSCC patients. Collectively, this study uncovered the immune cells infiltration landscape in HNSCC and illustrated their potential relationships with clinical parameters, thereby contributing to the development of customized treatment strategy.     

五色培元固本膏对维持性血液透析患者细胞免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨五色培元固本膏对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者细胞免疫功能的影响。方法:90例MHD患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,两组血透方法相同。对照组给予一般治疗及血透治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上口服五色培元固本膏,连续治疗3个月; 20例健康志愿者作为正常组,三组观察时间均为3个月。治疗前后用流式细胞技术检测各组T细胞亚群表达水平,酶联免疫吸附法检测各组白介素-2(IL-2)和可溶性白介素-2受体(sIL-2R)蛋白表达水平。结果:治疗前与正常组比较,对照组与治疗组CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺和IL-2表达水平均明显下降,CD₈⁺和sIL-2表达水平均上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,与对照组相比较,治疗组CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺、IL-2表达水平明显升高,CD₈⁺和sIL-2表达水平均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组相较正常组CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺、IL-2表达水平,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),CD₈⁺、sIL-2表达水平升高。结论:五色培元固本膏调节T淋巴细胞和IL-2表达改善MHD的细胞免疫功能。     

寿胎丸合四君子汤加减联合地屈孕酮片治疗高龄先兆流产的临床观察

目的:观察寿胎丸合四君子汤加减联合地屈孕酮片对高龄早期先兆流产患者的免疫因子、凝血及疗效观察,以探讨其作用机制。方法:将90例中医辨证为肾虚血瘀型的高龄先兆流产患者,以随机数字表法分为对照组、观察组,每组45例。两组均口服地屈孕酮片以黄体支持,对照组给予维生素E软胶囊(天然型)口服,观察组给予寿胎丸合四君子汤加减口服,两组疗程均为10 d。对比两组患者治疗前后中医证候评分、免疫因子、凝血因子变化及临床疗效。结果:治疗前两组的中医证候评分、免疫因子、凝血因子比较差异无统计学意义;与本组治疗前比较,两组患者中医证候评分均降低(P0.05),观察组辅助性T淋巴细胞(helper T lymphocyte,Th)比例,Th/Ts,D-二聚体(D-dimer,D-D),纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)水平降低(P0.05),观察组凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT),抑制性T淋巴细胞(suppressor T lymphocyte,Ts)比例增高(P0.05);治疗后与对照组比较,观察组Th比例,Th/Ts,D-D,FIB水平降低,PT,Ts比例增高(P0.05);两组自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell,NK)比例治疗前后及组间比较差异无统计学意义。观察组总有效率为84.4%(38/45),对照组总有效率为64.4%(29/45)(χ2=4.398,P0.05)。两组患者在治疗期间未见明显不良反应。结论:寿胎丸合四君子汤加减联合地屈孕酮片可调节高龄先兆流产患者的免疫平衡及凝血功能,改善症状以及提高保胎疗效。     

扶正化痰固本方对早期非小细胞肺癌术后患者免疫功能的影响

目的:观察扶正化痰固本方运用于早期非小细胞肺癌术后的临床疗效及其对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:将70例早期非小细胞肺癌患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各35例。两组患者均接受肺癌切除术治疗,对照组术后3周开始接受MVP方案化疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用扶正化痰固本方治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效及治疗前后中医证候积分、卡氏评分(karnofsky performance status,KPS)及生活质量评分变化情况。检测两组患者治疗前后免疫功能指标、血清肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)、糖类抗原153(carbohydrate antigen 153,CA153)]水平。结果:观察组有效率为91.43%,对照组有效率为71.43%,两组患者有效率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后中医证候积分低于本组治疗前,且观察组治疗后低于对照组治疗后,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后免疫功能指标检测结果低于本组治疗前,且观察组治疗后低于对照组治疗后,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后血清CEA、CA153水平低于治疗前,KPS评分、QLQ-C30评分均高于治疗前,且观察组治疗后血清CEA、CA153水平低于对照组,KPS评分、QLQ-C30评分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组胃肠道反应及骨髓抑制发生率均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:扶正化痰固本方运用于早期肺癌术后,能够有效改善患者免疫功能,减轻毒副反应,提高患者生活质量。     

加味金宁方抑制磨玻璃样早期肺癌术后复发的临床评价

  目的：观察加味金宁方对磨玻璃样早期肺癌术后复发的抑制作用。  方法：将72例磨玻璃样早期肺癌术后患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组36例。治疗组服用加味金宁方,对照组服用1/20剂量加味金宁方。两组均连续服药1年或至病情进展,观察实体瘤疗效、免疫疗效,比较中医证候积分的变化情况。  结果：①试验过程中治疗组、对照组各脱落3例,最终有效完成试验的病例66例,治疗组、对照组各33例。②实体瘤疗效:在术后1年内,治疗组、对照组的疾病控制率分别为93.94%、72.73%；治疗组实体瘤疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。③免疫疗效:术后3个月治疗组、对照组有效率分别为75.76%、69.70%,两组免疫疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；术后6个月、术后9个月、术后12个月两组免疫疗效比较,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。④治疗后,两组中医证候积分均呈持续下降趋势,与本组前一观察时点比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；术后6个月、术后9个月、术后12个月组间比较,治疗组中医证候积分低于对照组(P<0.05)。  结论：加味金宁方对磨玻璃样早期肺癌术后复发具有一定的抑制作用,且有助于促进机体免疫功能的恢复,并改善中医证候,值得临床推广应用。     

The burden of herpes zoster disease in Norway

BackgroundNo national vaccination program against herpes zoster (HZ) is currently in place in Norway. We aimed to quantify the burden of medically attended HZ to assess the need for a vaccination program.MethodsWe linked data from several health registries to identify medically attended HZ cases during 2008–2014 and HZ-associated deaths during1996–2012 in the entire population of Norway. We calculated HZ incidences for primary and hospital care by age, sex, type of health encounter, vaccination status, and co-morbidities among hospital patients. We also estimated HZ-associated mortality and case-fatality.ResultsThe study included 82,064 HZ patients, of whom none were reported as vaccinated against HZ. The crude annual incidence of HZ was 227.1 cases per 100,000 in primary healthcare and 24.8 cases per 100,000 in hospitals. Incidence rates were higher in adults aged ≥50 years (461 per 100,000 in primary care and 57 per 100,000 in hospitals), and women than in men both in primary healthcare (267 vs 188 per 100,000), and hospitals (28 vs 22 per 100,000). Among hospital patients, 47% had complicated zoster and 25% had comorbidities, according to the Charlson comorbidity index. The duration of hospital stay (median 4 days) increased with the severity of comorbidities. The estimated mortality rate was 0.18 per 100,000; and in-hospital case-fatality rate was 1.04%.ConclusionsMedically attended HZ poses a substantial burden in the Norwegian healthcare sector. The majority of the zoster cases occurred among adults aged ≥50 years – the group eligible for zoster vaccination – and increased use of zoster vaccination may be warranted, especially among persons with co-morbidities.